杨永生，男，1962年4月生，汉族，云南昭通人，中共党员，教授，硕士，金融学硕士生导师。任经济管理学院副院长兼云南师范大学MBA中心副主任，金融与区域经济发展研究所所长，云南省金融学会理事。
诸暨县：民国时出了150多名将军，还有四名上将，如今怎样了？
孟 良 寨
杨永生
孟良寨，位于黄龙以南28公里处的紫金山上。这里山峰峥嵘，沟壑纵横，河石回旋，溪水奔腾。孟良寨就巍居在这陡涧环绕，四水合抱之中。
横看孟良寨，像一条巨龙，盘山居岭，恢宏南行；侧看孟良寨，犹如奔虎，跳跃示雄。寨址尚存，碑记犹在，辕门墙郭依稀可见。
孟良寨，山高沟深；四面绝壁，地势险峻，寨堡坚固，易守难攻。只有寨北宽不过丈的百米军事防道，仅供将士出行。可以想象，孟良寨的险要与固守……
相传宋朝大将孟良曾是绿林好汉，出道前在这里安营扎寨，占山为王。后被宋朝大元帅杨六郎收编，成了大宋一员五虎上将。孟良粗中有细，善用大斧，常深入敌后，克敌制胜。他与辽大元帅韩昌交手很多，有一次他用装满硫磺球的“火葫芦”，把韩昌的胡子烧个精光。韩昌大怒，调集精兵，反扑孟良！孟良无奈回营休战。后来，孟良到佘太君帐下搬兵，又与杨排风比武惨败。只好为杨排风牵马坠蹬。再后来就有了杨排风扫北的故事。
孟良山寨方圆数公里，古寨暗道颇多，藏能隐身于野；攻能出奇制胜。这里古战场的气息如雾蒸腾，给人一种追思凭吊之情。
高寨之下的龙须沟，溪流翻滚，漩涡连珠，阳光照射，闪闪发亮。那块偌大的盘龙石，横跨老龙潭之上，又增添了古寨的威仪。
据说盘龙石与老龙潭，在孟良将军占山为王时期，是义士的休闲沐浴之所，盘龙石上设有孟良大王的龙虎军帐；高高的盘龙石下，清流奔腾，龙潭呼啸，神威无比。由此可见，孟良寨的险霸与千沟万壑的威雄！
——故事根据绿洲口述整理
流传于陕西黄龙
搜集于荆头庙
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杨永生【笔名：尘野、九天、黄龙、绿洲、揽月】，陕西黄龙人。作家、副研究员职称。系首届黄龙县文学艺术界联合会主席；首届黄龙县作家协会主席：《黄龙》杂志主编；《绿土地》文学报主编；《黄龙之窗》总编。著有：《民间故事集》、《民间歌谣集》、《民间谚语集》、《绿土地》文集、《龙乡之韵》、《风华野史》、《龙乡后土》、《开怀饮放声歌》、《龙坛长吟》《心溪流韵》等。现为中国散文学会会员；陕西作家协会会员；中国民间艺术家协会陕西分会会员；西安市秦砖汉瓦研究会理事；延安市作家协会理事；西北大学中国节庆文化研究心研究员；中华龙凤文化西安研究院研究员；黄龙县政协委员等。
建筑专业英语文章 满意的话追加分~！！！ 急~~~！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
诸暨县在民国时代，出现了150多名国民党将军，数量名列全国去，是著名的民国三大将军县之首。
诸暨出身的将军里面一共有4名上将、36名中将，剩下的就都是少将。
4位上将分别是一级上将蒋鼎文、二级上将郭忏、上将蒋尊簋和蒋伯诚。
诸暨4位上将
蒋鼎文，黄埔军校教官，位列蒋介石五虎上将之一。
郭忏，保定军校第六期，曾获“青天白日勋章，抗战胜利勋章”。
蒋尊簋，章炳麟口中的“浙江二蒋”之一。
蒋伯诚，曾任国民革命军第一路军参谋长。
上图为五虎上将之一蒋鼎文
除此以外，还有一人值得大家了解：
冯圣法，黄埔一期毕业生，被外界称为“杀鬼子最多的中国人”。
民国三大将军县
民国将军县除了冠军诸暨县之外，还有醴陵和合肥两县，我们来一个一个看！
根据网上的相关文史资料的消息，醴陵县在民国时期出了一百多位将军（也有一种说法是两百多），仅次于诸暨县，被称为民国的第二大将军县。
醴陵县出身的将军特别多，我们找的的资料显示：
何键、柳漱风、李明灏、程潜、刘建绪、钟光仁、陶广、陶柳等都曾经互任上下级。
醴陵籍将军以黄埔军校出身的为最多，从网上的资料来看，黄埔军校后期的醴陵籍学员的姓氏和通讯地址和前几期学员有很多都是类似甚至相同，可以推测出来，后期的醴陵籍学员有的是前期的学员和军政界官员的同一个家族的兄弟。
看过了第二，我们再看第三名：民国三大将军县之合肥县
合肥县的将军出身，你们可能有点知道的，汪氏宗亲，一县出将军也是百余名，其中我列举几个相对有点辨识度的：
段祺瑞，北洋三杰之一，“北洋之虎”，民国陆军总长兼管将军府事务，四次出任国务卿或国务总理，民国13年任中华民国临时执政（国家元首）。
范光启，辛亥烈士，南社会员，建铁血军，任总司令。后因反对袁世凯，被暗杀。
卫立煌，抗战中任第二战区副司令长官、第一战区司令长官及河南省主席、中国远征军第一路军司令长官；解放战争中任东北剿总司令，国民党五虎上将之“战将”。
安徽合肥籍中华民国北京政府陆军上将：段祺瑞、段芝贵、吴光新、聂宪藩、张广建
安徽合肥籍中华民国北京政府陆军中将加上将衔：雷震春、贾德耀、吴炳湘、王揖唐、吴新田、卫兴武、陶云鹤。
诸暨为什么会出了这么多将军
第一个原因，诸暨县的人民自称“木柁”，而且浙江一带有“杭州人怕飞机，日本佬怕诸暨”的说法，就凭这个说法，我们就知道这真的是抗战时期，血淋淋的历史，都是诸暨县的战士们靠着自己的生命打拼出来的！
第二个原因，诸暨县的好儿郎考取军校的居多，根据网上的数据显示：黄埔军校大陆时期的诸暨籍学生差不多有500多人，这还只是黄埔，没有算保定、苏州那几个军校。
第三个原因，中国是人情社会，诸暨军人也不能免俗，所以参军后的诸暨军人多有前辈同乡提携，不论是学识还是军事技能，提升都比较快。
现在的诸暨县
现在的诸暨县常年位居中国百强县前列，成为最富有的地区之一。
诸暨先后被命名为“中国珍珠之乡”、“中国袜业之乡”、“中国香榧之乡”、“中国无公害茶叶之乡”、“中国名品衬衫之乡”、“中国民间艺术之乡”和“浙江省建筑之都”、浙江省首批“教育强市”，被评为“全国基础教育先进县市”、“中国优秀旅游城市”，荣获“全国环境综合整治优秀市”、“全国卫生先进城市”称号，被命名为首批“全国社区建设示范市”。
说过了民国三大将军县，我们反过来说下新中国十大将军县
新中国十大将军县是：湖北红安、安徽金寨、江西兴国、湖南平江、江西吉安、江西永新、河南新县、湖北大悟、安徽六安、湖南浏阳。
第一大将军县——湖北红安（61人）；第二大将军县——安徽金寨（59人）；第三大将军县——江西兴国（54人）；第四大将军县——湖南平江（52人）；第五大将军县——江西吉安（46人）；第六大将军县——江西永新（41人）；第七大将军县——河南新县（40人）；第八大将军县——湖北大悟（36人）；第九大将军县——安徽六安（34人）；第十大将军县——湖南浏阳（30人）！
结语
红色传承，出了这么多将军的县，到了经济发展的现在，这些县城在经济发展上也不遑多让
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结尾声明∶本文所有内容，均由作者(梦落学长）原创写就，任何组织、单位或个人不得在未经允许的情况下私自转载，作者保留追究法律责任的权力
建筑综合体与城市的融合与促进
[提要] 建筑综合体武汉新世界中心的设计过程中，不断融入了城市设计的理念，从总体布局，交通组织以及形象塑造上竭力创造出与城市环境相和谐又独树一帜的建筑群，以求达到建筑与城市相互促进的效果。
[关键词] 武汉新世界中心，城市设计，围城，交通立体化，平民的商业之都，二龙戏珠。
由香港新世界集团在武汉投资兴建的武汉新世界中心，是一座集商场、酒店与写字楼为一体，占地37234.76m2，总建筑面积达28.3万m2的城市建筑综合体，其规模在香港和北京已建成的同类型“新世界中心”中，位居第二。项目基地位于汉口解放大道与利济北路的交叉口，属武汉市中心区繁华地带。
建筑综合体是一种超大规模的建筑类型，它不是单体建筑的简单放大，而是城市社会生活与空间环境高度聚集的产物，从而成为建筑与城市的某种过渡形态。针对这一特点，我们在综合体设计中，除运用建筑设计原理外，还应引入城市设计的理念，采用建筑与城市一体化的设计方法，才能达到理想的目的。作者主持设计的建筑方案在有7家境内外设计单位参加的方案竞标中胜出，并成为实施方案。
以下是作者对方案设计中几个主要问题的思考与体会。
总体布局
目前国内流行的商业类建筑综合体一般采用“生日蛋糕式”的“塔楼+裙房”形式组成。那些被安插在大面积商业裙房上部的酒店、写字楼或公寓等高层建筑，数量多，体型杂乱，如不加以统一规划，势必造成综合体空间组织的困难，也难以形成完整的建筑景观。因此，对于这一类综合体的设计，首先应该从建筑群组的规划出发，做好总体布局。
根据业主的要求，武汉新世界中心由以下几部分组成：
商场11.45万m2，酒店3.17万m2，写字楼2.21万m2，公寓5.70万m2，及6.03万m2的地下建筑。显而易见，综合体组合单元的数量将会很大。
我们在设计时，首先确定了大的布局原则，既商业裙房满铺于基地中央，酒店与写字楼沿基地的北侧与东侧布置（临城市干道），规模较大的公寓群布置在基地的南侧与西侧（临小区级道路）。这种大布局原则反映了功能意义上的普遍合理性，但尚未体现设计的独创性。我们的创意主要表现在裙房四周高层建筑形式的选择与组合上。
关于酒店与写字楼的形式。我们认为不宜将两者叠合做成超高层形式，因为与本工程仅一路之隔的世贸商城（58层）和武汉广场（49层），都是体积庞大的超高层建筑，在高度上很难超过它们，形象上也难以突出自身的特点。同时也不宜做成并列的双塔。两者面积不等，层高不同，不能勉强做成对称的姐妹楼；况且两个既不对称又难分主次的塔楼是无法形成构图中心的，只会增添混乱。对此，我们另辟蹊径，选择一个板式建筑和一个基本等高的塔楼，沿主干道成断开的L型布置，其上部则用“飘带式”屋顶将两者连接一体，而建筑间的“缺口”处正好布置商场主入口。这种处理手法大大增强了沿街立面的整体性，有利于塑造完整的城市景观。
关于公寓的形式。我们也认为不宜选用常规的独立式塔式住宅类型，因为其单体数量较多（至少5~6幢），相互间距较大，必然带来总体布局的困难，造成综合体轮廓的凌乱。所以我们按照“化零为整”的原则，选用了两端可拼接的单元式高层住宅类型，将公寓群“板式化”，沿基地内侧成反向的L型布置。
这一正一反两个L型布局构成的建筑群组浑然一体、一气呵成；其“大而不高”的“围城”式体量，在高楼参差的周边环境中起到了一种平衡与稳定作用，对中心区建筑秩序的建立具有重要意义。
交通组织
综合体依其辐射能力的大小，吸收着来自城市各个方向和不同距离的人流，他们一般需借助各类交通工具才能到达，因此机动车辆的交通组织成为解决综合体外部交通的首要问题。总结国内外许多成功的经验，有效解决这一问题的办法是，采取立体化的交通手段，努力实现建筑与城市交通的一体化。
本工程位于城市干道交叉口，基地两侧只允许向市政干道各开一个机动车出入口。为了实现人车分流，我们通过这两个口部，组织一条基地内的地下车行环道，将进入基地的车流直接引达地下层，再分流至综合体各个组合单元的地下口部，或直接进入地下停车场（可停车720辆）。
在人车分流的基础上，地面层步行交通就变得安全、畅通与简单了。为了接纳来自城市公共交通的地面人流（主要是商场购物者），建筑临解放大道一侧后退红线22M，利济北路一侧后退15M，街角处（即商场主入口处）后退50M，并在三个方向相应设置了商场的三个入口广场。城市道路交叉口也是步行者穿越马路的位置，利济北路与解放大道各设过街地道，我们将其延伸，并通过自动扶梯将人流直接引入综合体室内，从而使城市交通设施与综合体人流组织有机结合起来。
商场内部交通组织颇具特色。商场每层建筑面积达1.82万m2，为了使这个巨大的室内空间做到“庞大而不迷乱”，我们参照“城市——街道——广场”的外部空间体系，建立起“商业城——步行街——中庭”的室内空间系统，目的是使空间有序化和趣味化。具体做法是，从商场沿两条主干道的入口设置一条穿越商场内部的弧形步行街，并在商场中心放大成一个直径30M的圆形中庭，组织整个室内交通网络。步行街在必要时可向消防车开放，成为室内消防通道。
形象塑造
商业建筑与市民日常生活的联系最为密切。它不单是一个方便、舒适的购物场所，还是都市生活体验与情感记忆的载体。所以商业建筑的外观造型与室内形象具有最为大众化“波普化”的特征。
我们为武汉新世界中心设计所确定的目标是，塑造“平民的商业之都”，营造一个属于武汉老百姓的大俗大雅的建筑形象。武汉作为中国近代开埠最早的商埠之一，至今保留着许多带有浓厚殖民色彩的“欧式建筑”，所以我们在设计中大胆调动古典与现代两种相对立的元素，让它们在既自由又规整、既夸张又严谨的氛围中，充分碰撞，创造出一种易于为大众解读的“现代巴洛克”风格。武汉老百姓可以在这里找到它们引以自豪的具有70年历史的老建筑“民众乐园”的影子，但更能真切地感受到自己是置身在一个全新的“乐园”之中。
对于综合体高层部分的住户来讲，裙房屋顶无疑是建筑形象极为重要的组成部分。位于屋顶中央的圆形玻璃穹顶，如同一颗明珠，与周边L形的建筑共同组成“二龙戏珠”的美丽图画。屋顶花园将成为综合体的“空中绿洲”，高层住户休闲与进行户外活动的场所，在一定程度上缓和了高容积率与高密度建设所带来的环境压力。为了避免在屋顶花园中产生坐井观天的感受，所有裙房以上的建筑一律架空5.4M，让视野更开阔，同时保证屋顶花园空气的流通。
建筑综合体的出现，为城市居民提供了一种新的生活方式，也提升了所在地区的城市功能，对提高城市土地的利用率尤其具有重大意义。但是，高强度的集中开发，也会对城市局部环境带来一定的负面影响，在环境与生态问题日益突出的今天，如何兼顾经济效益与环境效益的平衡，将是值得我们大家长久探讨的课题。
本工程在实施阶段，由我院徐维平总建筑师及他们领导的第二设计所的郑凌鸿等建筑师，对方案进行了深化与完善，在此向他们一并表示谢意。
Building complexes and urban integration and the promotion of
[Abstract] the construction of Wuhan New World Center complex design process, the continuing integration of the urban design concepts, from the overall layout, transportation organizations, as well as image-building on the efforts to create harmony with the urban environment has unique buildings, in order to to achieve mutual promotion of Architecture and Urban effect.
[Key words] Wuhan New World Center, urban design, city, transport three-dimensional, the commercial capital of civilians,二龙戏珠.
By the Hong Kong New World Group in Wuhan to invest in the construction of Wuhan New World Center, is a set shopping malls, hotels and offices as a whole, covering 37234.76m2, the total construction area of 283,000 m2 of the city construction complex, and its size in Hong Kong and Beijing have been completed and the same type of "New World Center," the second. Project base is located in Hankou Liberation Avenue and Lee Ji-North Road intersection, which is the central area of downtown Wuhan Strip.
Building complex is a kind of ultra-large-scale building types, it is not a single building to enlarge the simple, but the urban social life and the space environment, the product of a high degree of aggregation, thus becoming a kind of architecture and urban form of the transition. In response to the characteristics of our complex design, with the exception of the use of architectural design principles, we must also introduce the concept of urban design, the use of Architecture and Urban Design of integration methods, to achieve the desired objective. Author presided over the design of the building program in the design of units 7 and outside the family to participate in the program bid to win and become the implementation of the program.
The following is the author of the program design of several key issues in thinking and experience.
Overall layout
At present, the popular commercial building complexes generally use the "birthday cake" type of "Tower + podium," the form. Those who have been placed in the upper part of large-scale commercial podium hotels, office buildings or apartment, such as high-rise buildings, number, size messy, if not unified planning, is bound to create complex spatial organization of the difficulties, but also difficult to form the architectural integrity of the landscape. Therefore, this type of complex design, first of all should be from the group planning the construction starting, do a good job overall layout.
In accordance with the requirements of the owners, Wuhan New World Center from following parts:
Shopping malls 114,500 m2, the hotel 31,700 m2, office space 22,100 m2, apartment 57,000 m2, and 60,300 m2 of underground construction. Clearly, the complex combination of the number of units will be immense.
We design, first determine the layout of the big principles, not only commercial podium Man Shop in the central base for hotels and offices along the north side of the base and the eastern side of the layout (Pro city roads), the larger group arranged in the base of an apartment south and west side (Pro district level road). This principle reflects the major function of the layout of the sense of universal rationality, but has not yet reflect the original design. Our creative mainly manifested in the form of high-rise buildings around the podium of the selection and combination.
With regard to the form of hotels and offices. We do not consider it to be made between the two superimposed forms of super-high, because with this project all the way only separated Shanghaimart (58 storeys) and Wuhan Plaza (49 storeys), are large high-rise building, in the height difficult to exceed them, the image would still be difficult to highlight the characteristics of their own. At the same time and it is not tied into the Twin Towers. Both area ranging story can not be made symmetrical and sisters reluctantly floorMoreover, the two both primary and secondary asymmetry also hard to distinguish the tower can not be formed composition center, it would only create more confusion. In this regard, we explore different avenues to choose a plate construction and a basic contours of the towers, along the main road into the L-type layout of disconnect, and its upper part is the "ribbon-style" roof of the two connected together, and building the so-called "gap "Service is the main entrance of mall layout. This approach greatly enhances the integrity of the street facade will help shape the integrity of the urban landscape.
With regard to the form of an apartment. We also do not consider it appropriate choice of conventional stand-alone residential tower type, because of its monomer in larger quantities (at least 5 ~ 6), a greater distance between each other, will inevitably bring about the overall layout of the difficulties caused by the messy complex contours. Therefore, we in accordance with the "zero for the whole of" principle, can be selected at both ends of the modular splicing high-rise residential type, to an apartment group "plate" and along the base of the medial into reverse L-type layout.
This is a reversal of the two L-type layout of the building constitute an integral whole group, at one goits "big but not high" and "Besieged City"-style body mass, high-rise mixed in the surrounding environment play a role in balance and stability of the central area of the establishment of the construction order of great significance.
Traffic Organization
Complex depending on the size of radiation, absorption from the city in all directions and at different distances of people, they generally all types of transport to get to another, so the traffic of motor vehicles to solve complex organizations to become the primary problem of external traffic. Summing up the experience of many successful at home and abroad, effective solution to this problem is to take three-dimensional means of transportation, building and efforts to achieve the integration of urban traffic.
The project is located at the crossroads of urban roads, the base on both sides of the municipal roads to allow only the opening of a motor vehicle importers and exporters. In order to achieve separation of people and vehicles, we adopted the two mouth, organize an underground base Dealers Bay Road, will enter the base flow directly Tatsu basement, and then diverted to the synthesis of various modules of underground mouth, or direct access to underground car park (which can be 720 parking spaces).
In the separation of people and vehicles on the basis of the ground floor of the walk traffic becomes safe, smooth and simple. In order to accept from the urban public transportation ground flow (mainly shopping malls), the construction side of Jiefang Road Pro back red 22M, Lee Ji-North side back 15M, the corner (that is, the main shopping mall at the entrance) back 50M, three directions in the corresponding set of three shopping centers in the entrance plaza. Urban road intersection is also the location of pedestrians crossing the road, Lee Ji-North Road and Jiefang Road Road each street, we will be its extension, and escalators will flow through the direct introduction of the indoor complex, so that urban traffic facilities and complex flow organizations combine.
Traffic Organization within shopping malls characteristic. Shopping centers on each floor construction area of 18,200 m2, in order to make this huge indoor space to do "without a huge confusion", we refer to "the city - the streets - Square" of outer space system, establish a "Commercial City -- Walking Street - Atrium "indoor space systems to make the space of an orderly and interesting. Specifically, from the shopping centers along the two roads is the entrance to set up a shopping mall across the arc of internal pedestrian street, and in the commercial center of 30M to enlarge into a diameter circular atrium, organizations throughout the interior of transport networks. Walking Street, where necessary, to fire engines opened fire service channel.
Image-building
Commercial construction and daily lives of the people most closely associated. It is not only a convenient and comfortable shopping, or city life experience and emotional memory carrier. Therefore, the appearance of commercial buildings and interior design with the most popular image of "Pope" of characteristics.
Wuhan New World Center our design goal is to determine and shape the "civilian commercial capital" to create a people belonging to Wuhan, a large custom architectural image of Taiga. Wuhan, China's modern history as a trading port, one of the earliest, has retained many with a strong colonial color "European construction", so we boldly mobilization in the design of classical and modern elements opposed to two, to allow them both free Also structured both exaggerated also strict atmosphere, the full impact, to create an easy for the public reading of "Modern Baroque" style. Wuhan people can find them to be proud of a 70-year history of the old building "People's Paradise" shadow, but truly experience the better you are in a new "Paradise" are.
For complex high-level part of the household, the podium building the image of the roof is an extremely important component. Located in the roof of the central circular glass dome, like a jewel, with surrounding L-shaped building together, "二龙戏珠" beautiful picture. Roof garden will be a synthesis of the "Air Oasis", senior households are engaged in outdoor activities and leisure venue, to a certain extent eased the rate of high-volume and high-density construction brought about by pressure on the environment. In order to avoid roof garden produce feelings坐井观天, all podium building will be elevated above 5.4M, so that a broader perspective, while ensuring the flow of air roof garden.
The emergence of complex construction for urban residents and provides a new way of life, also helped improve the location of urban functions, to improve the utilization of urban land in particular, is of great significance. However, the concentration of high-intensity development, will also be partial to urban environment have a negative impact on the environment and ecological problems of today have become increasingly prominent, how to balance economic and environmental benefits of balance, it will be worth all of us a long time to explore the subject of .
During the implementation phase of this project, from our hospital XU Ping Chief Architect and their leadership of the second design, such as Cheng凌鸿architects, the program has been deepening and improvement of, take this opportunity to express my gratitude to them together.
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