hope to do sth.希望做某事
be good ai do sth.擅长做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a wonderful time愉快的时间
动词短语
由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列六种基本类型。
1.动词+副词
1)作及物动词,例:
He brought up his children strictly.
从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。
2)作不及物动词,例:
Something unexpected has turned up.
出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)
3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:
The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。
The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。
2.动词+介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)
3.动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例:
We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=
compensate)
4.动词+名词
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:
Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)
5.动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,例:
Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,例:
I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
关于动词或短语动词
一、动词
单纯的动词(作宾语),这个比较容易理解,不需多作解释。
如,He is reading. (read)
二、短语动词
(1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。
(2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.
(3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:
我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。
我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .
二、短语动词的不同类型
Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :
Monday ,February 5th.
*有些短语动词不带宾语:
The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.
*多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:
动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词
I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.
如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:
I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)
如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:
动词+代词+副词性小品词
I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)
*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:
I don`t get on with the people at work
I'm really/turly sorry.我真的感到抱歉
比较级和最高级:
比较级:元音超过三个用,more,most
低于三个在词尾加er,est(最高级全面要加the)
两个动词之间要加to,我们老师说不加会打架的!
look out (for) 小心
watch out (for) 小心
wear(sb)out 使疲劳;劳累
leave out 省去;遗漏;忽略
work out(well) 很成功;结果是好的
turn out 生产; 证明是
put out 扑灭;生产;出版;赶走
take out 拿出
pull out 拉出;掏出; 拔出;抽出;取出;(车,船)驶出
pick out 选出;领会;弄明白
pay out 付出;得到报应
make out 看清;理解;断定
keep out 把…挡在外边
hold out 伸出;支撑;提出
hand out 分发;施舍
go out (灯、火)熄灭;(年、月)结束;(衣着)过时;倒塌;罢工
carry out (the plan / the policy) 实施;执行
break out 爆发
give out 发出(气味、热)等;分发;耗尽;疲劳
check out 结账离开
call out 大声叫喊
drop out 辍学;掉落
come out 出来;花开放;出版; 得…名次
get out (使)出去;逃脱;(消息等)泄露;说出;公布
think out 想出
let out 泄漏(机密); 发出(喊叫)
point out 指出
blow up 告吹;发脾气;(风雨)等发生
break up 破碎;结束;(士气)衰弱;(关系)破裂
bring up 培养;养育;呕吐
call up 给…打电话;使人想起
come up 走近;发芽;提出来; 出现(问题;建议);上楼
cover up 掩盖;包庇
cut up 切碎;使…难过
get up 起床;起立;(风、浪、火)大起来;打扮;安排;组织
check up=check through=check over 核对;检查
give up 放弃;把…送交;使埋头于…
go up 上升;涨价;修建;增长
hang up / off 挂起;挂断电话
hold up 举起;竖起;支撑;使停顿;使延误
keep up 保持;继续(某活动)
look up 抬头看;查阅;看望;(身体)好转
make up 弥补;赔偿;编造;组成;虚构
pull up 拔出;拔掉;使车停住;停车
pick up 举起;拾起;(身体)好转;中途接入;(非正式)学会;偶然发现/买到/得知/养成习惯等
wind up 上紧(钟表)发条;使紧张;兴奋;结束
put up 举起;盖起;支起;张贴;投宿
shut up 关门;关在里面;闭嘴
show up=turn up 露面
take up 着手; 占有(时间, 空间)
turn up 出现;放大(灯光,收音机,煤气等)
work up 激发(情感)
wrap up 席卷而去; 包起来
think up 想出
use up 用完
make up 化妆; 编造
save up 节省
eat up 吃光
stay up / sit up 熬夜不睡觉
light up 照亮; (脸上)呈现高兴的情绪
look up 抬头看; 查找; 好转
blow off 吹掉;埋怨;炸掉
break off 突然中断;停止;与…断绝关系
call off 叫走;取消
carry off 夺走;抢走;获得奖品; 叼走
come off 脱落;举行;结果
cut off 切下;剪下;切断
cross off/out 勾掉;划掉
die off 相继死去
fall off 跌落;减少;脱落;衰退
knock off 撞落; 撞倒
get off 下来;下车;脱下(衣服);(飞机)起飞
give off 发出;放出
go off (to…) 熄灭; 动身去某地; 炸锅
hang off / back 忧郁;畏缩
hold off 推迟;抵挡;不使…接近
keep off 避开;防止;挡住
leave off 停止;中断
pay off 还清;偿还掉
put off 推迟;延期
shut off 关掉;切断电源
take off 脱下; 起飞
turn off 关掉;切断;取消
wipe off 擦掉;还清(债务)
blow down 吹倒;吹落
break down 出故障;失败;崩溃; 分解
bring down 使下降;使泄气
come down 下来;下降
cut down 减少开支;砍倒
die down (风、雨、火、植物,浪)平息
fall down 落下;跌到;倒塌;失败;证明是不行的
go down (价格)下降;(日、月)落下;(风、浪)平静;(船)下沉;倒闭
hand down 递给;传递下来;世代相传
hold down 制止;控制;缩减
put down 写下;记下;镇压;放下
shut down (指工厂)关闭;停工
take down 记下来; 取下来;拆除;咽下
turn down 拒绝;关小;调低
let sb down 使… 失望
bring about 导致;产生;发生
come about 产生;造成

hang about/around 闲逛;逗留;徘徊
check over 核对;检查
come over 走过来
take over 接管; 接替; 继承
think over 仔细考虑;思考一下
turn over 翻开;翻身;移交
go over 越过;细看;复习;转向;被翻倒
get over 爬过(山、墙);克服(困难、偏见)熬过;从…恢复过来;做完; 浏览
look over one‘s shoulder 看过去
roll over 翻滚;翻身
fall over 绊了一跤
take away 拿走
get away (from) 逃脱;离开;出发;把…送走;寄走
blow away 吹走;吹散
break away from 脱离(政党)等;放弃;打破(陈规)
carry away 运走;使失去自制力
die away (风、声音)减弱
give away 分发;赠送;出卖;放弃(机会)等
go away 走开;离去;(岁月)流逝;死去
keep away from… 使避开;使远离
pass away 去世;消失;度过
put away 把…收起来;存好;放置暂时不用
run away 逃走;携带…逃走
fade away 褪色; 慢慢褪去
wash away 洗掉;(洪水)冲垮
stay away from 离… 远点
shy away from 退出; 躲避
bring back 拿回;使…回想起
call back / ring back 回电话
turn back 回来
get back 回来;恢复;要回; 带回
fight back 反击
put back 放回原处;拨回时钟;延期推迟
take back 收回
kick back 踢回
pay back 偿还
write back 回信
give back 归还;送回;恢复;后退
come back to life 恢复健康
look back on… 回忆;回顾
throw back 扔回去
draw back 后退
其他常用词组(to为介词)
object to 反对
attend to 办理;处理;注意听;照顾
look forward to 期待;盼望
be opposed to 反对
devote… to 贡献给…
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
pay attention to 注意到
be related to 与…有关
be limited to 限制到…
be applied to 应用于…
see to 注意做到;务必做到; 负责…
refer to 提到; 指的是
turn to 翻到; 求助于
英语动词短语
look
for
以动词为核心是动词短语;a
great
trip以名词为核心,为名词短语;in
the
classroom,
构成介词短语;他们是一个小“集体”一般不修饰什么,自己可以作句子成份,表达自己的意思。
英语动词短语:Break 的短语
break away
A intransitive verb
1. (become detached, move away) 脱离
to break away from [somebody]/[something] 脱离某人/某事物 ?the young elephant broke away from the herd 小象离群了 2. (escape) person, animal, boat, kite 挣脱
to break away from [somebody]/[something] 摆脱某人/某事物逃走 3. Sport runner, cyclist 领先
to break away from [somebody]/[something] 甩开某人/某群 B transitive verb [break something away, break away something] 使脱离
to break the shell away from the egg 剥去蛋壳
part of the cliff had been broken away 悬崖的一部分已经崩落
break down
A intransitive verb 1. (stop functioning) machine, system 发生故障 2. (fail) negotiations 失败; relations 破裂; discipline, agreement 失效; moral values, system, coalition 崩溃
3. (collapse mentally or physically) person, health 垮掉
to break down under interrogation/torture 经不起质问/折磨而垮掉
4. (weep) person 失声痛哭 5. (be classified) results, data 分类 6. Chemistry, Biology compound, substance, food 分解 ?to break down into [something] 分解成某物
B transitive verb [break down something, break something down] 1. (knock down) 撞倒 door, barrier 2. (overcome) 克服 shyness, obstacle, attitude; 瓦解 resistance, opposition
3. Chemistry, Biology (cause to separate into parts) 分解 compound, substance, food
to break [something] down into [something] 把某物分解成某物
break in
A intransitive verb 1. (enter forcibly) thief, fire brigade 破门而入 2. (interrupt) noise, action 打断
to break in on [somebody]/[something] 打断某人/某事 ?don't keep breaking in! 不要总插嘴!
B [break something in, break in something] transitive verb 1. (knock in) 砸破…进入 box
the police broke the door in 警察破门而入
2. (wear, use) 把…穿得合脚 shoes; 使…合用 false teeth, tennis racket
3. Equitation 驯 horse
C [break somebody in, break in somebody] transitive verb 训练 recruit, novice
to break [somebody] in gently colloquial humorous 逐渐驯化某人
break into
transitive verb [break into something] 1. (enter by force) 闯入 house, bank
firefighters broke into the burning building 消防员冲进燃烧的大楼
2. (open by force) 砸开 safe, money box, car
3. (start to use) 开启 new box, new bottle (resort to using) 动用 emergency supplies, savings 4. (pay with) 兑开 note
5. (encroach on) 占用 leisure time
he doesn't want to break into his evening 他不想占用晚上的时间
6. (begin to do) 突然发出 laughter, cheers (change pace to) 突然加速 run, trot
she broke into song 她突然唱起歌来
the horse broke into a gallop 那匹马突然飞奔起来 7. (make headway in) 打入 market, show business
break off
A intransitive verb 1. (snap off) tip, twig 折断 2. (stop doing sth.) 突然停止
to break off from [something]/doing [something] 停止某事/做某事
he broke off as his wife came into the room (stopped speaking) 妻子一进屋他便不讲话了 B [break off something] transitive verb (be snapped off) end, handle, mast, twig 从…处折断
C [break something off, break off something] transitive verb 1. (snap off) 折断 handle, twig, mast, part
to break [something] off [something] 把某物从某处折断
he broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me 他掰下一块巧克力给了我
break a bit off the end 从末端折下一点 2. (stop) 中断 activity, meeting (terminate) 终止 negotiations; 断绝 connection, relations ?to break off doing [something] 暂停做某事
to break off [something] with [somebody] 与某人断绝某种关系 ?they've broken off their engagement 他们取消了婚约
break out
A intransitive verb 1. (start) war, argument, plague 爆发
fire broke out on the third floor 大火是从三楼烧起来的 2. (appear) spots, pimples 突然冒出
to break out over/on [something] 突然布满某处
sweat broke out all over his body 他突然冒出一身汗 3. (escape) 逃脱
to break out of [something] 逃出 cage, trap 摆脱 routine, rut, depression ?to break out of prison 越狱
B transitive verb [break something out, break out something] 打开…使用
shall we break out the champagne? 我们开了这瓶香槟酒吧?
break out in
transitive verb [break out in something] 布满 spots, pimples ?I broke out in a cold sweat 我冒出一身冷汗
break through A intransitive verb 1. (force way through) person, animal, vehicle 冲过 ?the army broke through 部队突围了 2. (succeed) 取得突破
to break through in the fight against cancer 在抗癌方面取得突破
3. (appear) moon, sun 露出
B transitive verb [break through something]
1. (force way through) 冲破 door, obstacle; 穿透 floor, ground; 突破 defence
the deer broke through the undergrowth 那只鹿穿过了矮树丛 2. (overcome) 克服
to break through [somebody's] reserve 消除某人的'矜持 3. (emerge from) sun, moon 从…后露出 clouds, fog
break up
A [break something up, break up something] transitive verb
1. (reduce to pieces) 把…弄碎 ice, table, chocolate; 拆散 machine, jigsaw puzzle
2
frost had broken up the surface of the road 严寒把路面冻裂了 ?to break [something] up into [something] 把某物拆分成某物 2. (divide) 分 estate, job, paragraph
to break up [something] into [something] 把某物分成某物
the academic year is broken up into three terms 一学年分为三个学期 3. (make more interesting) 使…更有趣 evening, journey, routine
to break up [something] with [something] 用某事物调剂某事物 ?making food helps to break up the day 做饭可以使日子不至于太单调
4. (disperse) 解散 party, meeting; 驱散 protest, crowd; 制止 fight
the troops used tear gas to break up the riot 军队使用催泪弹驱散了骚乱的人群
break it up! (stop fighting) 别打了! (disperse) 散开! humorous (stop kissing) 别亲了!
英语动词短语:look 的常用短语
look up ?in查找
look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顾
look uponas把 看作
look forward to期待
look through浏览; 看穿
take a new look呈现新面貌
英语动词短语:fear的常用短语
in fear害怕地
(be) in fear of 害怕
for fear of/ that担心;生怕
英语动词短语:concentrate 的常用短语
concentrate on 专心
concentrate one’s mind on 专心于
类似的短语:
fix one’s mind upon
focus on
put one’s heart into
focus one’s mind on
英语动词短语:surprise常用短语
in surprise惊讶地 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
be surprise at/to do/that对某事感到惊讶
表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语

1.表示动作的有:
pull on put on dress dress sb
2. 表示状态的有:
wear be in be dressed in have … on


