48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要学生熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。 第一、能握简驭繁地把众多的英语单词读准。 第二、英语的音和形有很多相似之处，只要平时注意积累发音规则，就可以达到听其音而知其形，见其形而晓其音。这一点比学汉语容易多了。 既然音标如此重要，那么我们怎样才能结合具体情况，针对已学好母语的孩子们，把英语音标教好呢？ 以下几种教法，但愿能对大家有所帮助。 一、用唱歌的方式让学生学会26个字母，再学会几句日常用语。 目的：让他们对英语有感性认识，明白这就是与汉语的不同之处。 二、教音标： （一）先教字母音标 目的：学生通过唱字母歌已十分熟悉字母的发音了，把这些字母的音标写出来，教他们，一方面可以使字母的发音从理性上读得更规范；另一方面，让他们对英语音标有感性认识，觉得英语跟汉语一样，也有一套给它们的形注的音。在老师的指导下，学生就很想知道，英语的音标有哪些，与汉语拼音相似吗？顺势转入下一步：教国际音标。 （二）教国际音标 目的：让学生系统、熟练地掌握英语音标。这个掌握，就是要达到能读、能默写，为后面学单词时随时用，随时拿得出作准备。 教学时间：两周 教学过程： 1、元音 （1）单元音：①／／i／／u／／e／与汉语单韵母对照 ②／a:／／:／／:／／i:／／u:／／／ a o e i u ü 说明：先读汉语单韵母，并注意排序，再利用这个排序记英语单元音，易记。 （2）双元音：①／ai／／ei／／au／／／（／ju：／）与汉语复韵母对照：ai ei ui ao ou iu ②／i／／／／u／ ③／i／ 说明：根据汉语复韵母排序来记双元音第①组，英语中无ui；／au／与ao， ／／与ou的写法不同；／ju：/是双元音。 第②组的相同点是都带／／，第③组只有一个，直接记就行了。 2、辅音 （1）辅音总数：／b／／p／／m／／f／／v／／d／／t／／n／／／／l／／g／k／／h／ ／／／tF／／F／／V／／dz／／ts／／s／／W／ ／z／／T／／j／／w／／dr／／tr／／r／ 与汉语拼音对照： b p m f d t n l g k h jq x zh ch sh r z s y w 说明：1．根据汉语声母排序来记英语辅音音标，汉语声母b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h与英语辅音／b／、／p／、／m／、／f／、 ／d／、／t／、／n／、／l／、／g／、／k／、／h／基本一致；汉语声母j、q、x、zh、ch、sh、r、z、c、s、w与英语音标／dz／、／ts／、／s／、／W／、／j／、／w／作比较；／dr／、／tr／、／r／单独记。 2．汉语拼音b、p、m、f的发音比英语音标／b／、／p／、／m／、／f／多一个／／音；j、q、x、z、c、s、r比英语音标／dF／、／tF／、／F／、／dz／、／ts／、／s／、／W／、／z／、／T／隔开一个／i／音。 （2）辅音的分类 分类一： ①清浊成对的： 清：／p／／t／／k／／f／／F／s／／W／／tF／／ts／／tr／ 浊：／b／／d／／g／／v／／V／／z／／T／／dV／／dz／／dr／ 说明：可用谐音记忆法记住清辅音这一组，即：婆特客，福西施，七尽垂 ／p／／t／／k／／f／／F／／W／／tF／／ts／／tr／ 可理解为：婆婆有位特殊的客人，她的名字叫福西施，人不仅美，而且高，有七尺高（“垂”理解为“高”）。 ②单干户（即不成对的辅音） ／m／／n／／N／／l／ ／r／／h／／j／／w／ 记成：三个鼻音（／m／、／n／、／N／）、／l／、 ／r／和（即／h／）／j／、／w／ 分类二： （1）／p／／b／／t／／d／／g／／k／／f／ ／v／／F／／V／／s／／z／／W／／T／／r／／h／ ／tF／／dV／／ts／／dz／／tr／／dr／ 记成：爆破、摩擦、破擦、前3对、中5对（添上／r／、／h／）、后3对 （2）／m／／n／／N／／l／／j／／w／ 记成：三个鼻音，一个边音（l），两个半元音（／j／、／w／） 分类三： （1）清辅音：／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／F／、／s／、／W／、／tF／、／ts／、／tr／，再加上／r／、／h／，合计12个。 （2）浊辅音：／b／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／V／、／z／、／T／、／dV／、／dz／、／dr／再加 上／m／、／n／、／N／、／l／、／j／、／w／合计16个。 老师讲分类：作用：1、记住清辅音，对名词变复数，动词变第三人称单数，动词的过去式的读音规则有极好的分辨作用。2、了解爆破音，对读英语的失去爆破很有帮助。 三、拼读单词 目的：运用英语音标拼读单词，教学生自己拼读，并要拼得准确。 最后，对教英语音标总的说明： 1、利用学生们十分熟悉的汉语拼音排序来记英语音标，易记；2、在读音标时，不能把汉语拼音和英语音标混淆地读，相同是什么、不同是什么，尤其要分别读准。3、教材音标的排序不是笔者这样排的。教材中的音标教学是分散到全册。
采纳哦
小学英语教读
一、音素教学,即48个音素的教学
首先,20个元音音素的教学.
1、先教12个单元音,并按发音部位把单元单分为前元音：｜i:｜、∣i∣、∣e∣、∣ ∣,中元音∣ ：∣、∣ ∣、 ∣ ∣.后元音：后元音可以根据口腔的张口大小程度依次教学生读.如∣u:∣、∣u∣、∣ ∣、∣ ∣、∣a:∣,口腔的张口程度由小变大,让学生拿一面镜子对照发音图和自己口腔的变化而发音,这种教元音的方式,学生可以把音、形结合在一起记,便于学生提高记忆效率.
2、双元音的教学.｜ei｜、∣ai∣、∣u∣、∣au∣合口双元音,｜i ｜、∣ ∣、∣u ∣、∣ i∣集中双元音.
双元音的教学和单元音的教学是相互联系的,先让学生观察其特点,由哪几个音组成,然后教学生合二为一的读法.学生这样记和读就容易多了.教学生读熟后,再教学生写音标,这样学生就能很熟悉地记住20个元音音素.
其次教28个辅音音素.
在教28个辅音音素的过程中,要先抓主干,然后再带学其他的元音.即先教学生学习十对清、浊辅音.
清辅音：｜p∣、∣t∣、∣k∣、∣f∣、∣s｜、∣ ∣、∣ ∣、∣ ∣、∣tr∣、∣ts∣
浊辅音：｜b∣、∣d∣、∣g∣、∣v∣、∣z｜、∣∣、∣ ∣、∣ ∣、∣dr∣、∣dz∣
教学生掌握十对清、浊辅音的发音方法和发音部位.
然后教剩下的几个音标：｜h∣、∣r∣、∣w∣、∣j∣、｜l∣、∣m∣、∣n∣、∣∣
最后将辅音音素与元音音素结合起来拼读,让学生掌握两个合在一起的拼读方法.使学生尝到学习英语音标的成功喜悦.
如：∣pi:∣、∣bi:∣、∣ti:∣、∣di:∣…∣pi∣ ∣bi∣ ∣ki∣、∣gi∣…∣k ∣、∣f ∣、∣s ∣、∣ ∣…
二、字母教学
1、先教学生学会26个字母的书写格式,大、小与,笔顺、笔划.
2、然后教学生读字母,并联系英语音标一起读,这样教字母不仅可以教学生读准字母,还可以让学生拼读音标.如：Aa∣ei∣ Bb∣bi:∣ Cc∣si:∣ Dd∣di:∣ Ee∣i:∣
Ff∣ef∣ Gg∣?i:∣ Hh∣ei ∣ Ii∣ai∣ Jj∣?ei∣
Kk∣kei∣ Ll∣el∣ Mm∣em∣ Nn∣en∣ Oo∣u∣
Pp∣pi:∣ Qq∣kju:∣ Rr∣a:∣ Ss∣es∣ Tt∣ti:∣
Uu∣ju:∣ Vv∣vi:∣ Ww∣′d bl ju:∣ Xx∣eks∣Yy∣wai∣ Zz∣zed∣或∣zi:∣
3、将字母分类
首先,将字母分为元音字母、半元音字母和辅音字母.如：五个元音字母Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu,两个斗元音字母Ww、Yy,其余的为辅音字母.
其次,根据读音归类,即含有相同读音的字母归类.
所含音素 字母
∣ei∣ Aa、Hh、Jj、Kk
∣i:∣ Bb、Cc、Dd、Ee、Gg、Pp、Tt、Uu、Zz
∣e∣ Ff、Ll、Mm、Nn、Ss、Xx、Zz
∣ai∣ Ii、Yy
∣ju:∣ Qq、Uu、Ww
∣ u∣ Oo
∣a:∣ Rr
最后,让学生按字母表顺序背诵和默写字母,再按读音背读字母.
三、音素、字母和音标合为一体教学
1、首先是辅音音素与元音音素合为一体的教学,让喾天将绝大部分辅音与元音音素进行拼读训练.熟悉拼读方法,然后,写一些音标词让学生拼读,这样使学生从浅入深,从易到难,学生循序渐渐地拼读音标,学生容易接受,并且容易学会.最后,教学生学会读单词的重音和次重音.
2、教学生的读音规则
首先,教辅音音素的读音规则,因为辅音音素的读音规则比较简单,学生容易记住,这样做还能使学生保持学习英语的兴趣,学生可以记住一些较简单的读音规则,如：sh读∣ ∣、tch和ch读∣ ∣、tr读∣tr∣、dr读∣dr∣、ts和tes读∣ts∣、ds和des读∣dz∣等.
其次,教五个元音字母的读音规则. 如：
在开音节词中一般读字母音∣ei∣：gate、kate、date、face
在闭音节词中一般读∣ ∣：bad、map、cat、bag
在以e结尾的开音节词中读∣ai∣：kite、bike、fine、mine
在闭音节词中一般的读音∣i∣：big、pig、fit、did
在以e结尾的开音节词中读∣u∣：home、nose、go
在闭音节词中一般读∣∣：not、pot、doctor、mom
在重读开音节词中般读∣i:∣：he、me、we、she
在闭音节词中一般读∣e∣：pen、bet、fed、bed、set
可以读字母音∣ju:∣：you
可以读字母音∣u:∣：blue、ruler
可以读字母音∣u∣：put
可以读字母音∣ ∣：but、cut、truck、etc
让学生掌握五个元音字母的基本读音规划,同时,还要学会变通,有时读音只是相对,不是绝对的,有时会有一些变化.
3、元音音素的读音规则
元音音素的读音规则要联系元音字母,元音字母组合,元音字母和辅音字母的组合与元音音标一起记和教,并进行分组教学,这样可以减小学生的思想压力,便于学生记忆,同时,还要与音标词和单词联合在一起进行教学.这样,可以使学生由会拼读单词,慢慢学会怎样记单词.并能根据单词的读音记住和写出单词.也能根据单词中字母组合的特点读出单词.
这样,把音素、字母、音标三者合为一体来教学,才能使学生真正掌握字母和音标,才能学会独立地拼读单词,并由此过渡到记单词.
A
a, an, about, after, afternoon, again, ago, air, all, along, am, and, angry, animal, answer, ant, any, apple, April, are, ask, at, August, aunt, auntie, aunty, autumn
B
back, bad, bag, ball, banana, bank, basketball, bathroom, be, bean, bear, beautiful, bed, bee, before, begin, best, between, big, bike, bird, birthday, black, blackboard, blue, blow, boat, book, borrow, boots, bowl, box, pencil box, boy, bread, breakfast, bright, bring, brother, bus, but, buy, by, bye
C
cake, can, car, card, careful, carry, cartoon, cat, chair, cheap, cheese, chess, chick, chicken, child, children, chocolate, city, class, classroom, clean, clear, clearly, clever, climb, clock, close, clothes, coat, coffee, coin, cold, have a cold, colour, come, come back, come out, come to school, computer, cook, cool, corner, of course, cup, cut
D
dad, dance, dark, date, day, dear, December, deer, desk, difference, dirty, do, doctor, dog, door, down, draw, dress, drink, driver, dry, duck
E
ear, early, east, eat, egg, eggplant, e-mail, English, enjoy, eraser, evening, every, every day, example, excuse, eye
F
face, factory, family, ,far, farm, farmer, fast, fasten, fat, fax, February, feel, film, find, fine, finger, finish, first, fish, five, flag, flower, follow, fly, follow, food, foot, football, for, fork, fox, Friday, friend, fruit
G
game, garden, gate, get, girl, give, glass, glasses, go, go to bed, go to school, goat, good, grade, grape, grass, great, green, guess
H
hair, half, hall, music, hand, happy, hard, hare, have, he, head, hear, hello, help, her, here, hers, hi, high, him, his, hold, hold on, holiday, home, go home, at home, homework, horse, hospital, in hot, hotel, hour, half an hour, house, how, hundred, hungry, hurry
I
I, ice cream, idea, if, ill, in, in time, ink, interesting, internet, into, is, it, Italy, its
J
jacket, Jane, January, jeep, join, juice, July, jump, June, just
K
keep, key, kind, kite, knife, know
L
ladder, lady, lake, land, last, late, learn, leave, lend, lesson, let, letter, library, lift, light, like, line, listen, little, live, long, look, lose, a lot, love, luck, lunch
M
madam, make, man, many, mango, how many, map, March, match, maths, May, may, maybe, me, meal, meet, meeting, merry, message, middle, milk, mine, minute, mirror, miss, model, mom(=mum) , moment, Monday, money, month, moon, morning, mother, mountain, mouse, mouth, movie, Mr, Mrs, much, how much, music, must, my, myself
N
name, near, neat, need, neighbour, nervous, net, new, news, newspaper, next, nice, night, last night, no, No.(=number) , nose, not, nothing, November, now, number, nurse
O
October, of, office, often, oh, OK, old, on, one, only, open, or, orange, our, ours, out, outside, over
P
panda, paper, parents, park, party, pass, past, peach, pear, pen, pencil, pet, phone, photo, piano, picture, pig, place, plane, plate, play, please, post, post office, postcard, postman, potato, price, purse, put, put on
Q
quarter, question, queue, quiet
R
rabbit, radio, rain, raise, read, ready, red, remember, repair, return, right, river, road, room, round, row, ruler, run
S
sad, salad, salesman, same, sandwich, Saturday, sausage, save, say, school, schoolbag, season, second, see, September, shark, she, sheep, shelf, shell, ship, T-shirt, shoe, shop, shopping, short, should, shy, sick, sing, sister, sit, size, skate, skirt, sleep, slow, small, snail, snake, snow, so, sofa, some, something, son, song, sorry, speak, spell, sport, spring, stamp, stand, star, start, station, stay, stop, store, story, street, student, study, subway, summer, sun, Sunday, swim
T
table, tail, take, take pictures, talk, tall, tea, teach, teacher, telephone, tell, temperature, tennis, test, thank, that, the, their, theirs, them, then, there, these, they, thick, thin, think, this, those, through, Thursday, ticket, tidy, time, to, today, toe, together, tomorrow, too, tooth, toy, train, tree, truck, try, Tuesday, turn, TV(=television) ,
U
uncle, under, us, use,
V
very, visit, visitor volleyball
W
wait, wait for, walk, wall, want, warm, wash, watch, water, way, we, weather, Wednesday, week, welcome, well, wet, what, when, where, which, white, who, whose, why, will, wind, window, winter, with, wolf, woman, women, woods, word, work, worker, world, write, wrong,
Y
yea, yellow, yes, yesterday, you, young, your, yours
Z
zoo
牛津小学六年级英语单词读音归类
音标
字母
单 词
[e]
ea
bread breakfast head sweater
read (read的过去式)
e
let bed bedroom set met (meet的过去式)
get puppet red yellow pen pencil best better
December November September
bell men yes festival February
kept (keep的过去式) next question
relative twelve when welcome wet rest
[E]
er
brother sister tiger mother father
worker driver paper teacher answer
September October November December
keeper reporter wonderful player hamburger
or
doctor visitor collector forget mirror
i
April holiday
ur
Saturday hamburger surprise
a
ago about around away January February
camera walkman Christmas
o
police collect carrot dragon of
[iE]
ear
hear dear near year ear earphone
ere
here
eer
deer cheers beer
ea
idea
[ZE]
air
chair fair hair air aircraft pair
ere
where there
are
care careful pare parent
[E:]
ir
bird girl skirt T-shirt dirty birthday
thirty third thirteen first thirsty circle
or
world work worker worse
ur
hurt
ear
earth early
[ai]
igh
bright right tonight night light
i
I nine five ninth nineteen ninety like
child kind mine bike kite find white
nice exciting excited fine mobile quiet
sign beside time Friday behind pineapple
smile tiger
y
cycle by eye try sky dry fly July nearby
[i]
i
miss give lift did thing think thin
it this pick little big win list milk
live chicken chick hill fill wind windy
litter field film kick middle
fifth fifty his mirror sit six
y，ay
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Friday Saturday Sunday January
February sunny windy cloudy rainy quickly
[i:]
ea
teach teacher team bean read leave
meat mean please jeans pea sea
east Easter eat tea teapot clean seat
ee
need meet keep keeper goalkeeper
