"News topic"
例句
新闻专题是一种对新闻信息进行有效组织的方式。
Hotspot news is an effective method to organize news.
高中英语阅读理解专题训练
《高中英语语法-语法专题复习》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
语法专题复习
考点揭秘
近几年高考试题单项填空中单独考查名词的试题相对较少,多与冠词一起进行命题考查,但短文改错、完形填空中对名词的考查一直是命题的重点,其考查范围较广。其命题趋势仍将是:
1.在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考对灵活多变的英语知识和能力考查的重点。因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握运用好语言环境。单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。建议考生在全面复习的基础上,有重点的搞好名词的词义辨析。
2.熟练掌握各词词组和固定结构变得十分重要。在试题的四个备选项中,应排除的三个选项越来越具有迷惑性。
3.高考对名词的考查范围,从考察语言意义到语法意义,从单项填空、完形填空到短文改错,名词考查的地位不会改变。
要点精析
一、名词的分类
个体名词
可数名词
集体名词
普通名词 物质名词
不可数名词
抽象名词
名词
人名
专有名词
地名
二、名词的数
名词按其是否能够按数来计算分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分。可数名词的复数形式有它的变化规则。变化规则如下表:
1.规则变化
(1)一般情况下直接加-s, 如:desks ,books ,teachers
(2)以s,x ,ch ,sh结尾 的名词,加-es ,如:buses ,watches ,bokes ,glasses 等。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i ,再加-es ,如:factories ,countries ,families 等。
(4)以o结尾的
直接加-s的:zoos ,pianos ,radios ,photos ,tobacoos
直接加es 的:negroes ,zeroes ,potaoes ,tomatoes (黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆)
既可加s,也可加es 的:
(5)以f或fe 结尾的,先要变f或fe 为v 再加-es .
如:knives ,lives ,wolves ,loves ,haves 等
但是下列名词要特别记忆:
handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
2.不规则变化
不规则名词有以下几种情况:
(1)改单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。
foot-feet ,man -men ,tooth-teeth , child -children
(2)单复数形式同形
sheep ,deer ,means ,fish ,works ,milk ,water ,ink ,cattle
(3)只有复数形式
trousers ,thanks ,glasses ,clothes ,goods 等。
(4)复合名词的单复数形式因词而异
将主体词变为复数形式
sisters-in-law , lookers-on ,passers-by ,comrades-in-arms 战友
没有主体词时是在后一个词上变复数.
如:grow-ups ,good-for -nothings ,go -betweens
将两个组成部分都变成复数。由man ,woman ,load 构成的复合名词,应将前后两个名词都变成复数形式。如:
men teachers ,women doctors ,load mayor-loads mayors 市长
(5)表示"某国人"名词的单复数形式,因习惯不同而各异。一般遵循这样一组顺口溜:中日友谊都不变,英法联盟a变e ,其余直接加s。
Chinese , japanese ,frenchmen ,Englishmen ,Americans, Rusians 等。
(6)有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
Spirit(精神) -spirits (心情) coffee(咖啡)-coffees(几杯咖啡)
Game(游戏) -games(运动会) manner(方式)-manners (礼貌)
Time(时间)-times (时代) wood (木材) - woods (森林)
Interest (兴趣)-interests(利益)paper (纸)-papers (报纸,文件)
People(人,人们)-peoples(民族)work(工作)-works(着作)
(7)一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现,表示不同种类。如:fish(各种鱼) ,teas(各种茶) ,fruits (各种水果)。
(8)Word ,news 做"消息"讲时前面不用任何冠词。如:
Word came that he had failed in the test again .
二、名词所有格
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格的构成有以下几种:
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格
(1)单数名词应加"-'s"
My father's office , Liming 's brother
(2)不以s结尾的名词加"-'s"
Children 's day , the women's brother
(3)以s结尾的复数名词加" ' "
The teachers' desk the student's answers
(4)复合名词的所有格和短语的所有格都是在最后面的名词后加" 's".
His sister-in -law's husband in three weeks' time
(5)并列名词表示各自所属关系时,在两个名词后分别加"-'s",表示共同所有时,只在后一个名词后加 "-'s" 。
Jane and mary 's seat Jane's and mary's seats
(6)以s结尾的专有名词一般加" -' " 或者" -'s ".
Engels'/Engels's works
(7)表示店铺、某人的家、某人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词可以省略。
at Mr Jane's 在约翰先生家 , at the barber's在理发店
(8)起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用所有格。
Book shop ,telephone number
2.表示无生命名词的所有格
(1)表示无生命名词的所有格,常常用"of +名词" 的形式。
The door of the room ,the window of the house
(2)表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体机构及某些习惯用语中的名词可用" -'s" 的形式。
The works of shakespear ,Dickens ,and Mark Twain
3.双重所有格
由名词加"'s" 和 "of+名词's"的结构叫做双重所有格。被修饰的名词前有不定冠词,不定代词,指示代词或数词等时,要用名词的双重所有格。
A dictionary of Jane 's sister's
2008年各地高考试题中名词类试题
1.. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion "Save Our ________"(2008安徽)(D)
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
2. -I'd like some more cheese.(2008浙江)(B)
-Sorry, there's ______ left.
A. some B. none C. a little D. Few
3. Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.(2008浙江)(A)
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
4. The young man made a _________to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.(2008年湖北)(B)
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution
5. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________. (2008年湖北)(A)
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
6. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ____.(2008年山东)(B)
A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. Business
7.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.(2008年天津)(A)
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products
8. ---Shall we go out for a walk?(2008年江西)(A)
--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. Situation C. place D. Chance 《高中英语语法-语法专题复习》由liuxue86.com我整理
高中英语阅读理解专题训练
高中英语阅读理解专题训练
(广东专版 每篇5小题)
(第9套)
第一节：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A(words:296&230)
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. ?I was a clothes addict(迷),? he jokes. ?I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled(皱的).? Today David wears casual clothes ? khaki pants and a sports shirt ? to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. ?I?m working harder than ever,? David says, ?and I need to feel comfortable.?
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow. In the early 1990s,many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday).This became known as ?dress-down Friday? or ?casual Friday?. ?What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for workers has really become an everyday thing,? said business adviser Maisly Jones.?
Why have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code. ?A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work,? says the owner of a software company, ?so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.? Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study made by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work. Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code helps them save money. ?Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,? one person said. ?For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.?
41.David Smith refers to himself as having been ?a clothes addict? because ______________.
A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B. he couldn't stand a clean appearance
C. he wanted his clothes to look tidy and clean all the time
D. he didn?t want to spend much money on clothes
42. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because ______________.
A. they make him feel at ease when working
B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C. he looks handsome in casual clothes
D. he no longer works for any company
43. According to this passage, which of the following is FALSE?
A. Many workers don?t like a conservative dress code.
B. Comfortable clothes make workers more productive.
C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young workers.
D. All the employers in the U.S. are for casual office wear.
44. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.
C. ?Dress-down Friday? was first given as a favor from employers.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
45. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT ______________.
A. saving worker?s money
B. making workers more attractive
C. improving worker?s feeling
D. making workers happier
答案与解析 41?45 CADCB
41.C。推理判断题。它后面一句话就是对该句的解释,所以选C项。
42.A。细节理解题。从文中第一自然段后半部分可找出答案。
43.D。细节理解题。考查对文章信息的综合理解能力。从第四自然段可知D项错误。
44.C。推理判断题。考查对文章信息的综合理解能力。从第三自然段可得出C项的结论。
45.B。主旨大意题。考查对文章信息的综合概括能力。
B(words:379&177)
I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn?t understand. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed(解散). As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible (负责任) for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized(强调) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating(欺骗) themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously(认真地) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl?s test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadn?t talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued(继续) to believe that I had cheated on the test.
1. The story took place(发生) exactly ____________ .
A. in the teacher?s office B. in an exam room
C. in the school D. in the language lab
2. The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because ____________ .
A. she had not brought a pen with her
B. she had lost her own on her way to school
C. there was something wrong with her own
D. her own had been taken away by someone
3. The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy ____________ .
A. to go on writing his paper
B. to stop whispering
C. to leave the room immediately
D. to stay behind after the exam
4. The thing(s) emphasized in her talk was(were) ____________ .
A. honesty B. sense of duty C. seriousness D. all of the above
5. The boy knew everything ____________ .
A. the moment he was asked to stay behind
B. when the teacher started talking about honesty
C. only some time later
D. when he was walking out of the room
答案及解析
1. B。细节理解题。 故事发生在考试进行期间，故选B。
2.C。推理判断题。由?She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.?可知她的笔坏了。
3.D。细节理解题。 由?Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room?可知考完试后，老师让他留下(stay behind)。
4.A 。细节理解题。由?. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized(强调)?可知老师反复强调的就是cheat的反面诚实(honesty)。
5.C。推理判断题。由最一段?Later on?可知 。
C(words:265&286)
People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother?s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father?s Day, on the third Sunday in June.
Mother?s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honor mothers. She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation.
In 1909, Mrs. Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Father?s Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to established Father?s Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972.
These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother?s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead.Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father?s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
51.According to the passage, which of the following about the second Sunday in May is not true ?
A.It is a day to show love to mothers
B.It is a day to wear carnations
C.It is a day for people to visit the cemetery
D.It is a day for many people to attend religious services
52.Choose the right time order of the following events.
a. The first Father?s Day was observed
b. Mother?s Day was proclaimed a day for national observance
c. Father?s Day became a day for national observance.
d. The idea of honoring fathers was bought up
A.a b c d B.d a b c C.b a c d D.d a c b
53.Who plays the most important role in Father?s Day becoming a national commemorative day?
A.Mrs. Do B.Margaret Chase Smith
C.Ann Jarvis D.Woodrow Wilson
54.From the passage, we know in the U.S ________________.
A.one should wear a red carnation if one?s mother pass away
B.on Mother?s Day, families often go out to have barbecues
C.on Father?s Day, people often stay at home to celebrate the special day.
D.The purpose to have these two special days is to show love to parents
55.The author?s purpose of writing this passage is to __________
A.call on people to love and respect their parents.
B.introduce Mother?s Day and Father?s Day.
C.tell the difference between Mother?s Day and Father?s Day
D.show how important fathers and mothers are
答案与解析 51~55 CBBDB
这篇文章介绍母亲节和父亲节。美国人民以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意,这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日父亲节。
51.C。细节理解题。解析：这个选项的说法不够准确。
五月的第二个周日是母亲节，在这一天有些父母逝世的人会去墓地看父母。
52.B。推理判断题。解析：根据第二自然段及第三自然段关于母亲节及父亲节形 成的'先后关系来判断。
53.B。推理判断题。 解析：从第三自然段最后一句话Senator Margaret Chase Smith
helped to established Father?s Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972. 看出：是参议员史
密斯于1972年帮助把父亲节推广为全国性节日的。
54.D。推理判断题。解析：第一自然段就提到People in the United States honor their
parents with two special days: Mother?s Day?s, on the second Sunday in May, and Father?s Day,
on the third Sunday in June.表明美国人民以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意,这便是每年五月
第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日父亲节。
55.B。主旨大意题。解析：写这篇文章的目的是介绍母亲节和父亲节。
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