现在分词(Present Participle,又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。一般式:doing; 一般被动式:being done; 完成式:havingdone; 完成被动式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括独立主格形式。

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小石头小叔
英语现在分词怎么写?
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。
英语现在分词的用法
1一般在动词词尾加ingread-reading
2以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ingWrite-writing
3以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这一字母,再加ing。swim-swimming
例如:
shining
eating
falling
singing
having
raining
making
buying
sitting
writing
walking
standing
英语中现在分词是什么意思
一、现在分词的两个基本特点
1在时间上表示动作正在进行例如:a developing country一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)
2在语态上表示主动例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能
1现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句例如:
① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light(MET 1989)
Afollowed Bfollowing
Cto be followed Dbeing followed
分析:B 表示主动的动作,句意是:雷声跟着闪电此处的 following = which followed
② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow
Afly Bflying
Cflew Dto be flying
分析:B 表示正在进行的动作,句意是:正在飞的鸟此处的 a flying bird = a bird which was flying
③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech
Aexcite Bexciting
Cexcited Dbe excited
分析:B 表示被修饰词 speech 的性质和特征,此处的 the exciting speech = the speech that/which was exciting
2现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性例如:
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____________ that he had enjoyed his stay here(NMET 1994)
Ahaving added Bto add
Cadding Dadded
分析:C 句意:来访的大臣表示了对谈判的满意,同时又补充说道他呆在这里很愉快adding 作伴随状语,表示主动的动作所以应用现在分词作伴随状语
② European football is played in more than 80 countries,__________ it the most popular sport in the world(NMET 1998)
Amaking Bmakes
Cmade Dto make
分析:A 句意:欧式足球在 80 多个国家开展,其结果是它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动making 是现在分词作结果状语
③ ________ from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful
ASeeing BSeen
CSaw DTo be seeing
分析:A Seeing 是逻辑主语就是主句的主语 we ,表示正在进行的主动动作
3现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作例如:
① Soon they could see the steam _________ from the wet clothes
Arise Brising
英语里面现在分词作用是什么?
(一)作定语
1 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:
The sleeping boy is Tom
2 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise
3 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill
4 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:
This is an English-speaking country
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:
The story is moving
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如:
We all found his equipment interesting (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then (主谓关系)
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday
2 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon
3 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:
Working harder, you'll be No 1 in your class
4 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone
5 作结果状语。例如:
He died, leaving nothing but debts
6 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:
He sat by the roadside, begging
(五) 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 :
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom
(六) 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如:
The factory being built now is a big one
(七) 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home
分词可以和be动词,在句子中做谓语,构成进行时态。
不作谓语时,
分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)主要起形容词和副词作用,在句中充当表语、定语、宾语(或主语)的补足语和状语等。
1) 作表语。这时,现在分词常常表示特性,过去分词表示状态。例如:
His argument is very convincing 他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
注注意不要将作表语的分词和构成进行时态和被动语态的分词混淆起来。试比较:
a) The present situation is encouraging (分词作表语)当前的形势令人鼓舞。
The present situation is encouraging us to continue our experiment (分词构成进行时)当前的形势正在鼓舞我们继续试验。
b) The cup was broken (分词作表语)杯子破了。
The cup was broken by John (分词构成被动语态)杯子是约翰打破的。
2) 作定语。例如:
Don’t disturb the sleeping child 不要惊扰这个酣睡的孩子。
The arrested murderer will be tried soon 那个被逮捕的谋杀者不久将受到审讯。
注分词作定语的位置
分词作定语时,若是单个分词作定语通常是前置修饰语(Pre-modifier),如上面例句所示;若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰词的后面(Post-modifier),其作用相当于一个省略了的定语从句。例如:
You may ask the lady (who is) sitting at the desk 你可以问一问坐在桌子旁边的那位女士。
Those (who have been) elected as committee members will attend the meeting 当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。
3) 作宾语(或主语)的补足语。例如:
He likes to sit on the beach and watch the sea gulls flying 他喜欢坐在海边看海鸥飞翔。
The work left everyone exhausted 那个任务使得人人疲意不堪。
注(1)常跟分词作宾补的动词有:
catch(偶然发觉) have(让,使) keep(使处于某状态)
get(使得) see(看见) hear(听见)
find(发现) feel(感觉到) leave(使处于某状态)
make(使) want(想要) start(引起)
notice(注意到) observe(观察) watch(注视)
set(使处于某状态)
(2)现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在含义上的区别
有些动词如:see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词也可跟不定式作复合宾语。它们之间的区别在于:现在分词着重说明动作正在发生;不定式着重说明动作的全过程。试比较:
I saw the boys climbing the wall 我看见孩子在爬墙。
I saw the boys climb the wall 我看见孩子爬墙了。
4) 作状语。分词作状语是中国学生学习分词用法的难点和重点。
(1)作时间或原因状语,通常位于句子前面。例如:
Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking
(=When they heard) 听见有人敲门,他们停止了谈话。
Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film (As I was asked to)
由于那天晚上被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的**。
(2)作方式、陪衬或结果状语,通常位于句末。例如:
They stood there waiting for the bus (and were waiting) 他们站在那儿等公共汽车。
The bandits fled into the mountains, pursued by the policemen (and were pursued) 匪徒向山里逃窜,警察在后面追捕着。
The hunters fired, wounding one of the wolves (and wounded one of the wolves)猎人开了枪,击伤了那群狼中的一只。
5) 分词的独立结构(Absolute Participial Construction)
分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构叫作分词的独立结构,或独立主格(Absolute Construction)(参见本讲 121-2-1“不定式的独立主格”)例如:
The rain having stopped, the soldiers continued their march 雨停了,战士们又继续行军了。
The boys returned, their face covered with sweat 孩子们回来了,满脸是汗。
注以下几种情况也可看作分词独立结构的演变用法:
1) 省略了分词being的独立结构。例如:
The teacher entered the classroom, a bag (being) in his hand 老师手上提着一个包走进了教室。
He stopped and turned about, his eyes (being) brightly proud 他停下来,四处看了看,眼睛里充满了自豪的表情。
Breakfast over, he went to his office 吃完早饭,他就去办公室了。
2) 介词with和without引导的独立结构(Prepositional Absolute Construction),有时带有分词;有时则无分词,但也可看作省略了分词being。例如:
She left the room with the candle burning on the table 她没有熄灭桌上的蜡烛就离开了屋子。

He wandered in without shoes or socks on 他慢悠悠地走进来,既没有穿鞋,也没有穿袜子。
6) 作插入语(Parenthesis)
有时也称“独立成分”,其作用相当于句子状语。
Generally speaking, I prefer rice to noodles 一般地说,我宁愿吃米饭而不吃面条。
Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner 从他的口音听来,他一定是南方人。


