1
定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如it
is
not
unusual
for
workers
in
that
region
to
be
paid
more
than
a
month
it
在句中作形式主语。而不定式to
be
paid
more
than
a
month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2
构成：be
past
participle(过去分词)(简称pp)（
by
动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）
3
当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如the
fire
had
been
put
out
before
the
fireman
arrived
put是不即物动词，但put
out是及物动词
4
应用到各种时态和句型如下：
①
一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am,
is,
are,
was,
were,
is
going
to
be
,
will
be
doneie
once
environmental
damage
is
done,
it
takes
many
years
for
the
system
to
recover
本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do
damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，i
will
mend
the
machine相当于the
machine
will
be
mended
（by
me）
②
进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be
being
pp
iethe
classroom
is
being
cleaned
③
完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has
been
pp：例如the
machine
will
have
been
repaired
by
3
o’clock
this
afternoon再如：my
homework
has
been
finished
④
其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤
情态动词的被动语态：主语
情态动词
be动词
动词过去分词，例如your
teeth
must
be
brushed
⑥
不定式的被动语态：to
be
done例：the
no-shows
have
to
be
considered
when
deciding
the
rate
of
overbooking（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）
英语中的被动句句型
有被动语态的时态有：
1、一般现在时，被动语态：am / are / is + v[pp]
2、一般将来时，被动语态：will be + v[pp]
3、现在进行时，被动语态：am / are / is + being + v[pp]
4、一般过去时，被动语态：was / were + v[pp]
5、现在完成时，被动语态：have / has + been + v[pp]
6、过去完成时，被动语态：had been + v[pp]
7、过去进行时，被动语态：was / were + being + v[pp]
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解
例如：Many people speak English 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象例如：English is spoken by many people主语English是动词speak的承受者 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子 例如：He opened the door他开了门(主动句) The door was opened门被开了(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：was/were being＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
过去完成时：had been +taught
过去将来时：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如： Some more interesting novels were stolen last year 一些新小说去年被写了(没说小说是谁写的) This book was published in 1981这本书出版于1981年
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者 例如：the window was broken by Mike窗户是迈克打破的 This book was written by him这本书是他写的 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格例如： All the people laughed at him He was laughed at by all people They make the bikes in the factory The bikes are madeby themin the factory
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留
例如： We can repair this watch in two days This watch can be repaired in two days You ought to take it away It ought to be taken away They should do it at once It should be done at once
英语动词有哪些被动语态
被动语态是英语常考常用句型结构，这一个知识点也是我们必须要掌握的，下面就是我给大家带来的英语被动语态知识点 总结 讲解，希望能帮助到大家!
被动语态复习 ABC
A熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(pp)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am/is/are+pp
一般过去时：was/were+pp
一般将来时：shall /will be +pp
现在完成时：have /has been +pp
现在进行时：am/is/are+being+pp
过去将来时：should /would be +pp
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+pp例如：
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave
B明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy (填was broken)
C熟练转换
1将主动语态变被动语态的基本 方法 为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词 短语 放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once(同义句) (填must be thrown away)
② Where did they grow vegetables(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ (填were;grown)
D注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him)或：A story was told to us by him
② Her mother gave her a new pen(变被动语态)(填was given to)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother
2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library[D]
Atake away Btaken awayCare taken away Dbe taken away
② She will take good care of the children(变被动语态)(填be taken good care of)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her)
3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday(变被动语态)
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday
(填was seen to)
4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city
Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt [C]
5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在 句子 开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken
E注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken窗子破了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
F牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1be covered with被……覆盖
2be made of由……制作(发生物理变化) be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造 be made by被(某人)制造
3be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事
4It is said that据说…… It is hoped that希望……
It is well known that众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks niceIs it ______ cotton[B]
—YesIt's Shanghai
Amade of;made by Bmade of;made in
Cmade for;made by Dmade for;made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet[A]
Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing
(填It is said;another bridge;built)
英语被动语态怎么变？
一常见的系动词look （看起来）,sound (听起来),taste （尝起来）,smell （闻起来）,feel（感到）,go （变得）,grow (变得)等
二、一些不能接宾语的动词短语也没有被动语态
1．The war broke out in 1937（break out,爆发)
2．The story took place in a small mountain village(发生,take place)
三、甚至有些及物动词和可以接宾语的动词短语要看他们作什么意思讲,有时也只能有主动语态而不宜于用被动语态
1．We have six classes every day(have,上课)
2．The hall can hold more than 500 people(held,容纳)
3．The project lasted 14 years and cost I billion US dollars(last,延续)
4．No dish suits all tastes(suit,适合)
类似的还有fit ,catch ,get ,take ,own ,meet 等
四、而有些动词和短语兼有及物和不及物两种用法,所以前者有被动语态,而后者没有
1．He serves in the Navy Department(服役,不及物)
2．Hamburger is served in this restaurant(供应,及物)
3．The plane toke off at eight last night(起飞,不及物)
类似的还有look into （作往里看,不及物；作调查、研究,及物） look up (作好转,不及物；作查阅,及物)等
五、而如果及物动词后的宾语是反身代词,相互代词；或者宾语前面有和主语同一人物的物主代词；或者是同源宾语的动词,也常常不能转换为被动语态例如：
1．The thief hid himself behind the door (宾语为反身代词)
2．We should learn from each other(宾语为相连代词)
六、带宾语从句的句子常常没有被动语态
1．Marx found that his English was too limited
2．I don’t know where he lives
但是,如果主句的谓语动词是believe ,say ,know ,report 等,且宾语从句是由that
or
whether引起的,则常可以用It is believed (say ,know ,report) that (whether)的句型
七、有些及物动词有其习惯性用法,常用主动代替被动：
1．It is a pretty material ,but it doesn’t wash
比较：My shirt is usually washed by myself
2
The new Ford is selling badly
比较：All newspapers have been sold out
类似的还有clean ,lock ,write ,play ,start ,cut等
八、最后要说的是另一种情况：英语中有不少动词及动词短语常用被动形式来表示主动的含义
1．
Be seated,please!
2．
We must be prepared for the worst
类似的还有be determined to ,be absorbed in ,be gone ,be married to ,be hidden ,be interested in
……and
advanced mathematics ,experienced school ,learned man 等中这些定语用的过去分词也是用过去分词表主动
八种时态的被动语态：（变 be 的时态即可，done不动）
1、一般现在时：am / is/ are + done
Granny looks after the little girl every day→The little girl is looked after by Granny every day奶奶每天照顾那个小女孩。
2、一般过去时：was /were + done
My aunt brought up me→I was brought up by my aunt我是由姑姑带大的。
3、一般将来时：will +be done
They will give me a chance to play in this game again→I will be given a chance to play in this game again我将要获得再一次参赛的机会。
4、一般过去将来时：would+ be done
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year→The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year经理说这项工程将会在年底被完成。
5、现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done
The radio is broadcasting English lessons→English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio英语课正在广播中。
6、过去进行时：was / were + being + done
The workers were mending the road→The road was being mended这条路正在修。
7、现在完成时：have /has + been + done
Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off→I have been told the sports meeting might be put off有人告诉我运动会可能会被延迟。
8、过去完成时：had + been + done
When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets→When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out当我到剧院时，我发现票已经卖完了。
扩展资料：
被动语态记忆口诀及语态转换时应注意的问题：
1、一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。
2、完成时态have（has）done，被动将been加中间。
3、一般将来shall（will）do，被动变do为be done。
4、将来进行无被动，shall（will）be doing。
5、现在完成时，被动 have（has）been done。
6、现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。
7、情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
8、否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
9、主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
10、一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
11、复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第二句“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词“must，may，can，shall，will”等一律随新主语（多是主动句中的宾语）来变化。
“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
