马云2015香港团结基金演讲稿：这15年有1万次想过放弃
大家晚上好，首先感谢团结香港基金给了我这么一个机会跟大家交流。
首先，我讲的不一定是对的，但是我希望我讲的能给大家一点思考，我同事已经在我上台前不断提醒我别教训香港年轻人，香港年轻人不要听你的教训，我自己觉得自己更像一个大哥在创业了十多年经历了很多挫折以后，跟大家分享一些我的看法。所以接下来我想讲几个观点。
“我从没有想过自己有机会站在这里跟大家分享创业经验”
创业的时候我记得我请了24个朋友到我家里说我准备做一个事情叫互联网。大家听了将近两个小时，没有人听懂我说什么，最后投票表决，23个人反对，只有1个人说你去试试看。当然我不管别人怎么想，我们最后决定还是开始创业了。
我不具备今天很多年轻人讲你有什么资格(qualification)，你有什么学识、知识、能力，我既没有学过会计，也没有学过管理，更不懂电脑，为什么开始创业这件事情?
大家知道我确实数学在高考第一次考过1分，不觉得丢人，我觉得讲真话不丢人，最丢人的是讲假话。我数学考过1分，大学考过3次，初中考重点中学考过3次，也没考上。我们那个学校也是当时杭州最差的学校，我考进大学，杭州师范大学，是杭州第四流大学，尽管我觉得他比哈佛重要。所有这些看来我都不应该创业，但是很奇怪，有时候读书不好反而可以创业。
所以在人们看来几乎没有可能成功的事，我们走了15年。走到今天，当然除了阿里巴巴的15年，我前面还有4年做中国黄页，到外经贸部工作13个月，打零工。
在我家里创业的时候，我跟18个创始人，包括我在内的18个人讲了一点，如果我们这些人能够成功，中国80%的年轻人都能够成功，因为没有人给我们一分钱，也没有给我们有权力和地位，我们什么资源都没有。
我们18个人凑了50万人民币，我们决定这50万人民币大概能够坚持12个月。如果能够融到钱，继续下去。结果我们熬到第8个月已经没有钱了，而且没有人看好我们。我记得我跟蔡副主席一起去硅谷融资，我们被三十几个风险投资全部拒绝了，没有人觉得能成功，只有我们自己觉得能成功。我到现在为止不写计划书，其中一个原因是我写的所有计划都被拒绝掉了。
不是计划很重要，而是坚定做自己的事情很重要。阿里走到现在，很多人说梦想、理想、幻想是有很大差异的。梦想，每个人年轻的时候都有过，我记得有一些父母跟我讲过，我这个孩子三天两头换梦想，今天想这个，明天想那个，我说这很正常，总比没有梦想好。
我想过当解放军、我想过当警察，我甚至想到KFC招聘工作，23个录取了，就我没有录取。当警察，5个人去，4个人录取，我没有录取。所以梦想有也挺好，但是理想是什么?理想是一批人共同坚定一件事情，并且有计划、有实践、有行动，一点点把它变成现实。
如果你有一个理想，你是不是一批人一起去做。如果一个人其实是很累的。创业不是你的事情，创业是一批人的事情。所以我今天很幸运，前面4年我创业，从中国黄页做了两年半到三年，到国家的外经贸部做临时工13个月，全失败了，没有人看到这些失败。
从阿里巴巴到现在，我们做了15年，我们很幸运，我们成功了。但是绝大部分人没有成功，成功的原因很多，失败的理由都差不多，我想跟大家分享的是，如果你要去创业，多花点时间思考别人为什么失败，不要去思考别人为什么成功，成功有很多原因的。
我今天这样觉得，阿里巴巴很多书讲马云怎么成功、怎么能干、阿里巴巴怎么能干，其实我们这些人都不怎么能干。说心里话，我是肯定不能干。
我们18个人也不那么能干，如果能干，他们早去其他世界500强，找不到工作才到这里。然后也没有人请我们，我们只能自己安慰自己走下来。这是现实。但是我们不断坚持、思考，并且学习别人失败的经验。
所以走到今天，我们的市值，阿里巴巴这家公司变成全世界这么大的一家公司，我其实很担心，我们三四年前，大家都认为阿里巴巴很糟糕，商业模式(business model)不行，技术不行、服务不行、产品不行，还有很多假货，反正看来都不行。
我跟同事讲，我们其实比别人想象的要好。但是今天，所有的人都认为阿里巴巴了不起，中国的骄傲，互联网的奇迹，电子商务做的那么好，其实我们远远没有别人想的.那么好。我们还是一家很年轻的公司，只有15年，15年的成功并不意味着你未来会成功。
我们在做前人没有做过的事情，这些东西让我们很理性看待自己，别人说你好的时候你要知道你没有那么好。别人说你坏的时候，你也要想想其实我们也还可以了。所以我们就是这样不断调整自己心态走到今天。
第二，我们没有想到我们能走到今天，说心里话，我们今天阿里巴巴的人一定比15年前要能干很多，但是再走一遍，同样一批人再走一遍，一定不会走到今天。时代不一样了。
“15年前走到现在，我根本没有想到有这么艰难、有这么多麻烦、有这么多痛苦，我真的跟自己不止一次讲过，如果重新再来，我愿不愿意?”
马云，有一天你会这么成功，但是你要付出这么多代价，你愿不愿意?我说心里话，我不愿意，这也是实话，我今天来就是跟大家讲实话，讲真话。人家说我宁可付出代价做到你这么好。其实不是那么回事。
大家看到今天成功的时候，但是没有看到所有错误的时候、沮丧的时候，同事闹矛盾的时候，政府找麻烦的时候。没有钱的时候，发不出工资的时候，客户不满意要求退货的时候。
其实无论你在创业过程中，你多成功，成功都是短暂的。但是付出的代价是非常大的，犯的错误是无数的。全世界企业家都是这样，你们今天看到他辉煌的时候，但是你一定没有看到他背后付出的代价。
我们懂得自己温暖自己，自己安慰自己，我们知道工资发不出的时候该怎么办呢?我们发现我们自己只能开2000块钱工资或者500块钱工资的时候，别人到你们公司抢员工出5000元的时候你该怎么办?其实每一天你要面对这样的困难，一直希望自己把公司做大了，也许我就不需要有那么多麻烦，我特别喜欢看香港这种电视剧，老板什么事都不干，雪茄抽一抽，很气派的样子，我想有一天我也做大了，我或许没有麻烦。
现在明白了企业越大，麻烦越多，责任越大，真还不如自己在小房间创业的时候。但是今天另外来讲，又把自己想明白了，能做阿里巴巴，能够给这么多人服务，能做这样的事情，是一种福报，是修来的。别人想干还干不来，既然做了，就做下去。
所以全世界创业者都有一本苦难的经，大有大的难处，小有小的痛苦，但是保持良好的心态，因为你今天至少可以做一些事情去改变。所以我想实话说这15年超过大家的想象。
有人讲马云你很智慧啊，哪来的智慧，智慧的人肯定都是很倒霉过来的人。所有智慧者都是吃过巨大的生理、心理痛苦才走过来。只有知识很好的人，智商很高的人未必吃过苦，情商很高的人一定吃过苦。
“我一直认为这个世界没有机会，但最后发现机会其实是均等的”
我觉得太麻烦了。我有时候看看李嘉诚先生，怎么那么厉害。看看比尔-盖茨、看看巴菲特，不得了。其实我现在跟他们熟悉后，我发现人都差不多。别人说我很厉害，其实我爸妈从来没有觉得我很厉害，我老婆更没有觉得我很厉害。远看都很好，近看都差不多。但是有一件事情很有意思，为什么机会都是均等的?
我那个时候天天抱怨盖茨、Larry Ellison把机会全拿走了，要想做软件，出了一个微软，做硬件，IBM。要做商场，有一个沃尔玛，都比你大。所以没有意思了。
但是细想一下，我为什么跟李嘉诚比、为什么跟比尔-盖茨比，人家吃过很多苦，我们应该跟隔壁的老王比、小张比，只要比小张做得好我就很高兴，我并不要让全世界用软件的人很高兴，只要让我们家的人高兴就好了。
想明白就好。这几年很荣幸，我这一辈子很感恩，最大福气我有机会认识了所谓这个世界上很了不起的商界最牛的人。交流过发现有一样事情一定要分享给所有年轻人：他们一定是很乐观地看待未来。第二，他们永远不抱怨，只检查自己的问题。第三，他们有超越常人的坚持。
没有这些素质你是走不远的。你首先要相信乐观，不乐观的人是不可能做创业的。所以我自己觉得，我算是一个乐观主义者。我看看边上那批企业家的大佬们都非常乐观，永远相信未来比今天好。
其实人类社会碰到的麻烦，每100年、每50年各种各样的麻烦，但是人类社会永远是一年比一年好。所以2008年金融危机起来的时候，我跟很多同事讲，我说这是机会啊，终于让以前很厉害的人倒霉一下，轮到我们发点小财了。
其实大家去思考一下，很多时候不管你愿不愿意，今天再困难，十年以后成功的企业家一定比今天多，十年以后有钱的人一定比今天多，十年以后你发现很多人从来没有听说过的一定比今天多，人类总能解决问题。
第二，我发现有一个事情，几乎所有成功者碰上麻烦、犯上错误后总是先检查自己，我这个没有做好，我得调一调。我这个不对。真正成功的人一定是改变自己的人，改变别人的事情少做。
第三个，少抱怨。要听别人抱怨，你应该很高兴，这家伙在抱怨，我在干活。我小时候读书读不好一个最大问题在哪里，我发现读书成绩很好的人天天在外面玩，我说怎么每天玩，他说读什么书，玩就可以了。结果人家回家在读书，我傻乎乎回家还在玩。
别人抱怨，机会就在抱怨之中。其实说阿里巴巴最早就是来自于听见很多人说中国出口太难，所有出口的人都必须到广交会去，如果我们在想都要去广交会，连我们都申请不到去广交会的牌照资质，为什么不在网上做一个平台让大家直接在网上卖?就是这么一个想法(idea)就出来了。然后坚持坚持坚持走到现在为止。
所以我发现成功者很少抱怨。成功者抱怨到一定程度不是为自己抱怨，是为同类抱怨、为同行业抱怨，但是不能幻想，要脚踏实地地去做。今天人家说阿里巴巴很了不起，其实这15年我们有1万次想过放弃、别弄了。最后想了想，已经走到现在了，再熬两天。很奇怪，很多事情你再熬24小时观点就变了。人要走没很容易，跑到高楼往前跨一步就没了，但是回去很难。
我的坚持就在于每次碰到大麻烦、大困难的时候我睡一觉，明天早上想一想。坚持有的时候就这么简单，因为有的时候冲动的时候，边上人一讲你脑子一冲动，这个时候离开一下。
大家都说放弃的时候花两分钟想一想，大家都说坚持的时候再花两分钟想一想。人的脑袋是给自己思考。机会其实是很公平的，只是你有没有看到，然后你又是怎么做的。
;It’s my great honor and the, I was invited about months ago. I did not expect,people said this is very sensitive time for me to talk,because about yahoo ,about alibaba about this ,that, so I promise promise,I come,Today any question you have,I will answer any question you have.All right,so I’ve been here for fifteen day and I planed to spend one year here. Nobody know,my company did not know that,I am gonna spend one year here. Cause people asked why you are here?Are you here for getting yahoo? “NO” Everybody was very sensitive when I said “,I am gonna spend one year here” ,and the I just come here I am tired ,too tired in the past sixteen year,I start my business ,when I started 1994 internet ,I got crazy about the internet,,gave up my job in the teaching, I called myself like blind man riding on the back of a blind tiger, jumping around,and still KIKI ,still surviving，and then join the govement organization for sixteen months, not successful ,started alibaba 1999. and we built up the alibaba,we are luck enough,we have the taobao ,we have the alipay we have ali cloud computing,and the so many things,after 12years,I say:”I need some time to rest” , especially,this year,so difficult for me , I did not expect. Per 12 years was china call the “本命年“. This is our 12 year for alibaba.At the beginning of the year,,we have the,you know ,moving for alibaba b2b CEO,because the customer cheating thing,and then we have the alipay about the VIE.I still don’t know what the VIE is,”right”, and then we have the ,taobao separate into 4 parts,so many things ,It really make me fell tired,and I said:”well, why not give up 1 year ,because next year is my personal “本命年”,which could be much more difficult ,so this year is very tough and difficult,,I believe,next year,it’s gonna be tough ,more difficult, more “听不清“， So I got ready for that, and I need think,need rest,so in order to for any another 3,,4year hard work,because this 3year,it’s not my job,if something wrong,criticize the president of taobao,CEO of the alibaba and alicloud,it’s their fault,3 year later ,something wrong,my fault.so I come here and I will spend most of time in United States,and then thingking relaxing.2 days ago,I picked up my golf,just relax ,nothing about ,the things people think about. So we are very luck company,and there is no chance that we survive, I don’t have any sort of the background ,richfather,strong uncle, and the,I remember 1999,I came to Silicon Valley ,loking for venture capital. I talked to lots of venture capital,and I remember a few days ,I drop by Menlo park,I was rejected by so many venture capital, when talked about alibaba startup,they looked at the stranger,”what” ,”what are you talking about?I went back to china,with nothing,no money, nobody invested me,but I’m full of confident,I saw America dream.At that time ,1999,I walked on the high “没听清”，every evening full of cars in the park of company,Sunday full of car,people work day and night,This is something ,I believe it’s gonna happen in china,without getting any venture capital,but I think ,I went back china with America dream and we started the business there,and after 12 years,you know, a lot of things happen,we built up the B2B,nobody believed the B2B will work ,because the B2B at that time with aliba ,I don’t know still there. “ariba .com”,”broadvision”,”commerce one” this is very famous B2B company. People said :”how can you do B2B in china. Because B2B in USA focus on big company ,they focus on buyer,and we believe that three is no big company in china,and I don’t see, in the short term, china will have lots of big company,because big company is only SOE,SOE ,they do not the ecommerce, they need govement policy.so we focus on small business,we believe china,the small business ,the private sector are the future.so we focus on that, and the B2B in usa ,they focus. They want to help the buyer save the cost ,save the time.we believe:”don’t don’t teach the SME,don’t teach the small business how to save the cost.because know much better than you do. You shound help them how to make money.so we focus on helping small business,we focus on helping them make money ,sell things abroad.Very difficult to do business,at that time,but after 12 years,we got more than 58 millions small business around the world using our service.that model is not very successful,compare to “tencent “”baidu”,.we did not make that much money,like online gaming,but we can sleep well in the evening, because the money we made not online gaming, the money we made is helping small business survive, get business opportunity which I fell very proud of that, and today , as always,I never fell proud of how much money we made,I fell proud of how much impact we can help others,especially small business,before the history of internet,no company can help over 50 millions SME,today we are trying.andf I fell proud of that this is the first company,and people said :”jack,if you make alibaba successful,that means :”you are pulling a million ton sheep on the top of the Himalayas and I said :”yes,we will carry that thing down” and we did. The second company call taobao ,and everybody said :”oh my god ,you are competing with ebay. I said :”why not,”, china need ecommerce site and building up china market take effort ,take time and take great “没听清“ really want to build up something, so at that time people said :”there is no chance “ well !, if you never try ,how do you know that there is no chance. So we try . And I said :” if ebay is the sharp in the ocean, we are crocodile in the yangzi river. Never fight in the ocean, let’s fight in the Yangzi river. it was difficult, it was lots of fun,and we survive . they got 90%market share at that time, today for C2C,we own 90%market share. And luck ,just luck,thre are lots of can be disscuss in the future. Today ,people always write about the successful story about alibaba. And I really don’t think we are so smart.we made so many mistake.we were so stupid at that time.so I think someday the book I personnally really want to write about is alibaba 1001 mistakes. That’s the things people should remember ,should learn. If you want to learn “how the other people succeed,it’svery difficult.thre arelots of luck things at there. But if you want to learn “ how people fail “,you will benefit a lot,and I always like to read those book talking about “how people fail”,because,if you look into it any company theiy fail,the reason why they fail almost the same,and that really matters, so taobao succeed,and then we have the alipay,because everybody said:”china oh ,no credit system, banking is terrible, logistics is terrible. How can you do ecommerce .I never tell, just like today I come here without PPT without my business,I not come here sell you business ,sell my business. Because I don’t stock to sell to you guys. But I think because china is not good at logistics,not good at credit system,not goog at banking system, that’s why we need entrepreneurship, that’s why we go ,we should go, build them up. So I believe ,if there is no, you build it up,later that’s become the standard of china and I believe china need that. I remember ,6 years ago,I came to the states,I told the USA audience. I believe 5 years later, china will have more internet users than USA. people said “No” , I said :”well ,you have 300 millions population,china 1.3 billions ,right! If you guys have 400 millions internet users,without any people die, keep on having baby ,, it take 50 years , we need 5 years. it’s just time issue, right !. let’s wait and see, today we have more users ,today people say :”why your buy capability is low, let’s see about 5 years later. 5 year later,today,people only spend 200 RMB per month,5 years later,this guy will spend 2000. and we have patients, we are young,you know, my people only 26 average age, they are young. let’s wait for the future. So ,alipay,was just like very ,at that time people said :”it’s stupid “没听清“ service. John wants to buy things from Stevens, John just not want to “没听清”the money . Stevens don’t want to send the poducts. So we open account, “没听清“，ifyou happy ,” “没听清“the money ,not happy,return poduct,return money. People said :” how stupid the model is”, well! We don’t care whether stupid or not stupid. we care whether the customer wanted or not,whether really meet the need of customer,, if it’s stupid, but after 7years ,we have more than 600 millions users, registered users in china using that. So stupid thing , if you improve it every day,it ‘s gonna be very smart. And we believe that,and today , it ‘s good ,and it’s growing, just like paypal,we are bigger than paypal right now , on transaction volume. And the last , most important is alicloud computing,and not like the other company ,they talk about cloud computing,they want to sell you the,hardware, software. We have nothing to sell you .we just want to compute our own datas. Because the datas we have from the SME,because the datas we have from consumer of taobao，datas from alipay. We believe in the future the world is going to data process in the world. How can we share the datas with others in a great way. Right! That’s the business about, it’s not that good yet, but it’s very profitable,the whole com pany look health,we are very appreciate, we are the company from “没听清“，there is no chances we can win ,now we survive. I think we always ask our own question:” why we are still working so hard. I talked to my colleague one day ,and he said :” I never know that in my life, I can do that much”, second” I never know that the thing I doing that meaningful to the society, third ,I never know that life is that “没听清”hard。We worked day and night,even now. I guess so thiner ,so stranger. I understand life is not easy. We fell proud because we are changing china. It ‘s not how much money you made. 10 years ago,when I walked on the street, people thank me because alibaba B2B helped them get orders across ocean. Today ,when I walk on the steet ,the young people said:”thank you very much,my wife and I opened a small shop on taobao,we made the surviving, we had grear incoming . I know ,this is meaningful thing. We made the credit means money. Years ago , if you have a great record,or credit trust,you are not rich. Today if you have a good record on taobao, you get rich, because people do business with those people who have good record. We are teaching consumer to be smart. People said :’”jack ,I bought something so cheap from taobao ,is that a fake product. Yes we do. Fake product at everywhere. We spent most of effort in china, 50% people on taobao, they focus on checking the internet property issue, but there is bottle of wine, the cost is only 9 dollars, the people buy on the street is 300dollars,why is that? the channel, the advertisement, the TV show, why consumer should pay that much. So we cut that, and we made things change,so tell the consumer ,say :”this T-shirt , you buy on taobao,maybe 15 dollars, you buy on the shop,150 dollars. Not because taobao sell too cheap,because the shop sell too expensive.we should teach the consumer to be smart. And the third .very important, we saw so many factory in china ,especially in Canton,they are not company,they are not even a factory,they just OEM, they just manufacture,they don’t know who ar selling for them,they don’t know who are their customer,so anything come ,they all in trouble. So we just tell that manufacturing, you have to contact consumer youself, you have to sell youself, serve youself, then this real business,otherwise, you just a workshop. We are changing that, and I feel proud, we are honor, it’s not about money. We believe ,if you have 1 million dollars , you are the richman,when you have 10 million dollars,you are in trouble,you worry about the inflation,you start to invest, you get into trouble, when you have 1 billion, that ‘s not you money,it’s the society’s trust,the shareholder ,the people believe you can spend this money smart than the government,you can spend the money better than others, so they give you the trust, how can you do this trust? How can you treat ,you know ,creat this trusr well. And I think we facing this challenge.And the product of alibaba, it’s not the service,,it’s the people,employee,the colleague,the average age of our company is 26 years old,we are facing so many challenge,I never realize that on of the key government official
